امریکہ نے پاکستان اور دیگر ممالک کی ٹیک فرموں کو 'جوہری تجارت' پر بلیک لسٹ کر دیا
یہ اقدام، جو اب امریکی فرموں کے لیے لسٹڈ کمپنیوں کو ٹیکنالوجی بیچنا ناممکن بناتا ہے، نے پاکستان میں 13 کمپنیوں، چین میں 12 کاروبار، اور جاپان اور سنگاپور میں دو منسلک فرموں کو نشانہ بنایا ہے۔
فنانشل ٹائمز کے مطابق، منظور شدہ کمپنیوں کی فہرست میں کوانٹم کمپیوٹنگ کے علاوہ سیمی کنڈکٹر اور ایرو اسپیس انڈسٹریز کی کمپنیاں بھی شامل ہیں۔
پابندیوں کا مقصد امریکی فرموں، سپلائرز اور صارفین کو بلیک لسٹ کی گئی تنظیموں کے ساتھ کسی قسم کے کاروباری تعلقات قائم کرنے سے روکنا ہے تاکہ ان اداروں کو پوری صلاحیت کے ساتھ کام کرنے کے لیے درکار تکنیکی مہارت، رقم اور خام مال کے بہاؤ کو روکا جا سکے۔
ریاستہائے متحدہ میں کمپنیاں کسی بھی ادارے کے ساتھ کاروبار کرنے کے لیے اجازت طلب کر سکتی ہیں، لیکن انہیں یقینی طور پر انکار کر دیا جائے گا۔ کوانٹم کمپیوٹنگ ٹیکنالوجیز پر کام کرنے والے کاروباری اداروں کے خلاف جرمانے امریکی محکمہ خزانہ کی طرف سے چین کے فوجی پروگرام میں مبینہ طور پر مدد کرنے کے الزام میں آٹھ چینی سپر کمپیوٹنگ کمپنیوں کو منظوری دینے کے بعد سامنے آئے ہیں۔
مندرجہ ذیل جدول میں تمام 28 کمپنیوں کے نام اور ریاستہائے متحدہ کے کامرس ڈیپارٹمنٹ نے ان پر پابندیاں لگانے کی وجوہات بتائی ہیں۔
| Entity | Country | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Corad Technology Pte Ltd. | Singapore | Sales of technology from the United States and other Western nations to Iran’s military and space programs, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) front companies, and Chinese government and defense industry subordinate entities. |
| Corad Technology Japan K.K. | Japan | Sales of technology from the United States and other Western nations to Iran’s military and space programs, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) front companies, and Chinese government and defense industry subordinate entities. |
| Corad Technology (Shenzhen) Ltd.; | China | Sales of technology from the United States and other Western nations to Iran’s military and space programs, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) front companies, and Chinese government and defense industry subordinate entities. |
| Hangzhou Zhongke Microelectronics Co., Ltd. | China | Support of the military modernization of the People’s Liberation Army. |
| Hunan Goke Microelectronics | China | Support of the military modernization of the People’s Liberation Army. |
| New H3C Semiconductor Technologies Co., Ltd. | China | Support of the military modernization of the People’s Liberation Army. |
| Xi’an Aerospace Huaxun Technology | China | Support of the military modernization of the People’s Liberation Army. |
| Yunchip Microelectronics | China | Support of the military modernization of the People’s Liberation Army. |
| Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale | China | Acquiring and attempting to acquire U.S.-origin items in support of military applications. |
| QuantumCTek Co. | China | Acquiring and attempting to acquire U.S.-origin items in support of military applications. |
| Shanghai QuantumCTeck Co., Ltd. | China | Acquiring and attempting to acquire U.S.-origin items in support of military applications. |
| Al-Qertas | Pakistan | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| Q&N Traders | Pakistan | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| U.H.L. Company | Pakistan | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| Jiuding Refrigeration & Air-conditioning Equipment Co (Pvt) Ltd | Pakistan | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| K-SOFT Enterprises | Pakistan | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| Seljuk Traders (SMC-Private) Limited | Pakistan | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| Global Tech Engineers | Pakistan | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| Asay Trade & Supplies | Pakistan | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| Jade Machinery Pvt. Ltd. | Pakistan | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| Shaanxi Zhi En Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd | China | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| Peaktek Company Ltd. | China | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| Poly Asia Pacific Ltd. (PAPL) | China | Contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities. |
| Broad Engineering | Pakistan | Contributions to Pakistan’s ballistic missile program |
| Prime Tech | Pakistan | Procuring items subject to the EAR on behalf of Techlinks, an entity located in Pakistan that was added to the Entity List in September 2018 |
| Muhammad Ashraf (Prima Tech employee) | Pakistan | Procuring items subject to the EAR on behalf of Techlinks, an entity located in Pakistan that was added to the Entity List in September 2018 |
| Muhammad Farrukh (Prima Tech employee) | Pakistan | Procuring items subject to the EAR on behalf of Techlinks, an entity located in Pakistan that was added to the Entity List in September 2018 |
| Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology | Russia | Aiding Russia’s military programs. |
Fundamentally, quantum computers are considered an evolutionary step above supercomputers. Experts predict a new-age arms race among the world’s top countries to gain access to the most advanced quantum systems for military, nuclear, and space applications, despite the fact that the technology has been under research and development for decades.
Washington has added the Pakistani companies to its “entity list” for nuclear and ballistic missile development. Besides, it has also added, from Russia, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology to the list of “military end-users,” making it more difficult to sell military-related technology.
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